According to the European Environment Agency, the term fine dust refers to airborne solid particles originating from human activity and natural sources such as windblown soil and fires. These particles eventually settle due to gravity and can cause harm to the respiratory systems of humans and animals when inhaled in excessive amounts.

To understand why protection against this often small but significant threat is so important, it is essential to understand the definition of fine dust. Particulate matter, abbreviated as PM, is part of airborne dust particles. These particles remain suspended in the air for a period of time before settling on the ground.

They are classified into different categories based on particle size. These fractions are used to define or measure values. The abbreviation PM is always followed by a number indicating the particle diameter in micrometers.

• PM10: All airborne pollutants with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 micrometers. These are commonly referred to as fine dust.
• PM2.5: Even finer particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers.
• PM1: Particles with a diameter of less than 1 micrometer, and so on.
• Ultrafine particles: Extremely small particles, often smaller than 100 nanometers, also referred to as ultrafine dust or UFP.

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